Chapter 4 - Threads

- heavyweight vs. lightweight
- The register/stack/code/data/files view of threads of execution
- Four major categories of benefits of multiprogramming - responsiveness, resource sharing, economy, multiprocessor utilization
- user threads vs kernel threads
- many-to-one, one-to-one, many-to-many
- pthreads (POSIX THREADS) - thread library - API
- pthread attr init, pthread create, pthread join, pthread exit
- Threading issues (fork?, exec?)
- thread cancellation, target thread, asynchronous, deferred, cancellation points
- signal handling, signal handling process, synchronous, asynchronous
- default signal handler vs. user-defined signal handler
- delivery (thread who signaled, every thread, certain threads, a specific thread)
- thread pools (e.g. web server)


Chapter 5 - CPU Scheduling
- multiprogramming goal
- CPU burst, I/O burst, cycle of processes
- large # of short CPU bursts
- I/O bound vs CPU bound
- Short-term scheduler selects a process when a process switches from: running to waiting, running to ready, waiting to ready, running to terminated
- nonpreemptive (cooperating) schedule scheme vs. preemptive scheduling scheme
- dispatcher (switch context, switch to user mode, jump to proper location in user program), dispatch latency
- scheduling criteria (CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, response time)
- Scheduling Algorithms, Gantt chart, FCFS, SJF, priority scheduling (internal or external), RR, burst prediction, time quantum, context switch delay
- Finding: average wait time, average first response time